{"id":12658,"date":"2016-06-28T13:01:27","date_gmt":"2016-06-28T12:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shekulliagency.com\/?p=12658"},"modified":"2016-06-28T13:02:09","modified_gmt":"2016-06-28T12:02:09","slug":"britania-divorcohet-nga-be-ja-per-tu-ribe-e-madhe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/?p=12658","title":{"rendered":"Britania divorcohet nga BE-ja p\u00ebr tu (ri)b\u00eb e Madhe!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"abdylvehab-ejupi\"<\/a>Shkruan: Abdylvehab Ejupi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Presidenti francez Charles de Gaulle me rastin e vetos s\u00eb par\u00eb ndaj aplikimit t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe p\u00ebr ky\u00e7je n\u00eb Komunitetin Ekonomik Europian m\u00eb 1963, n\u00eb fjalimin e tij tha: \u201cAnglia \u00ebsht\u00eb ishull!\u201d Pastaj vazhdoi, \u201dajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar, posedon ekonomin\u00eb dhe tregtin\u00eb e vet\u00eb, furnizimin e vet ushqimore n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me shtete nga m\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshmet dhe n\u00eb distance t\u00eb larg\u00ebt nga Evropa\u2026\u201d duke v\u00ebn\u00eb theksim n\u00eb dallimet e m\u00ebdha nga pjesa kontinentale.<\/p>\n

Nga vendimi i referendumit t\u00eb s\u00eb premtes n\u00eb Britani p\u00ebr mbetje-dalje nga Bashkimi Europian, si pritej anglez\u00ebt ishin vendimtar p\u00ebr rezultatin e ngusht\u00eb p\u00ebr ti dh\u00ebn\u00eb lamtumir\u00ebn BE-s\u00eb. E theksoj Anglin\u00eb sepse pik\u00ebpamjet ndaj BE-s\u00eb k\u00ebtu, duke filluar nga kriza e madhe ekonomike e 2008-\u00ebs e k\u00ebndej, kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar ndryshime drastike, p\u00ebr dallim nga Skotlanda, Uellsi dhe Irlanda e Veriut. Anglia ishte burimi i euroskepticizmit Britanik: L\u00ebvizja m\u00eb e madhe euroskeptike n\u00eb Britani \u201cthe U.K. Independence Party\u201d, pavar\u00ebsisht emrit, kryesisht \u00ebsht\u00eb parti angleze. Partia m\u00eb e madhe gjys\u00ebm-euroskeptike, Konservator\u00ebt, gjithashtu dominohet nga anglez\u00ebt. N\u00eb ballin\u00ebn e editorialit m\u00eb t\u00eb madh pro-Brexit, Daily Mail, dit\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit me shkronja t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00ebndronte th\u00ebnia: \u2018Who Will Speak for England?\u2019\u00a0(Kush do t\u00eb flet p\u00ebr Anglin\u00eb?)1<\/p>\n

Kjo nuk ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb k\u00ebshtu. Kur Britania u bashkua me tregun e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt n\u00eb vitin 1973, m\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuese ishin Skocez\u00ebt dhe Irlandez\u00ebt e Veriut, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb rajoni m\u00eb pro-evropian\u00eb ishte Anglia e pasur dhe konservatore, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb spikatur n\u00eb parlament, sidhe pastaj kryeministre \u2013 \u00a0Margaret Thatcher.<\/p>\n

Pyetja q\u00eb vetvetiu parashtrohet \u00ebsht\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb ka ndryshuar q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb? P\u00ebrgjigje e thjesht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb politika e vet\u00eb BE-s\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 1970, politikan\u00ebt e krahut t\u00eb majt\u00eb dhe votuesit m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebr n\u00eb zonat m\u00eb pak t\u00eb zhvilluara ishin dyshues p\u00ebr \u201cEurop\u00ebn\u201d si nj\u00eb komplot kapitalist ngritur p\u00ebr t\u2019iu sh\u00ebrbyer interesave t\u00eb bizneseve t\u00eb madha, bankave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, dhe elit\u00ebs politike.<\/p>\n

Dhe si kryeministre n\u00eb vitet 1980, Margareth Thatcher v\u00ebrtet\u00eb promovoi tregtin\u00eb e lir\u00eb dhe liberalizmin me planin e saj p\u00ebr nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb vet\u00ebm evropian. Por socialisti francez Jacques Delors, president i Komisionit Evropian, k\u00ebsaj iu p\u00ebrgjigj me nj\u00eb varg t\u00eb masave t\u00eb mbrojtjes sociale dhe mjedisore t\u00eb hartuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar Neo-Liberalizmin Thatcherian.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e ndarjes mbi an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimin n\u00eb BE n\u00eb Britani sot \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb neo-liberalist\u00ebve \u2013 q\u00eb sigurisht me epiqend\u00ebr n\u00eb Angli \u2013 t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i gjykojn\u00eb rregullativat e BE-s\u00eb si pengesa t\u00eb rrezikshme drejt suksesit tregtare n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb globalizuar, dhe kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e tyre \u2013 t\u00eb fort\u00eb n\u00eb Skoci \u2013 t\u00eb cil\u00ebt rregullator\u00ebt e BE-s\u00eb i shohin si mbrojtje kund\u00ebr kapitalizmit grabitqar global.<\/p>\n

Por vet\u00ebm ekonomia nuk e shpjegon plot\u00ebsisht thell\u00ebsin\u00eb e daljes s\u00eb Britanis\u00eb nga BE-ja. K\u00ebtu gjithesi jan\u00eb ky\u00e7e elementi identitar, sociologjik e psikologjik. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kthehemi pak n\u00eb histori.<\/p>\n

BE-ja projekt i ngritur mbi frik\u00eb. Britanez\u00ebt-anglez\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb guximsh\u00ebm!<\/p>\n

Padurimi me ecurin\u00eb e zhvillimit t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb duke nxitur populizmin edhe t\u00eb Majt\u00ebve e edhe t\u00eb Djatht\u00ebve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Europ\u00ebn, shpesh n\u00eb forma shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zem\u00ebruar dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb dhunshme sesa n\u00eb Angli. Por vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Angli ka shumic\u00eb, q\u00eb u d\u00ebshmua nga referendumi, p\u00ebr tu larguar nga Unioni. Pse vet\u00ebm Anglia mendonte dhe realizoi k\u00ebt\u00eb hap t\u00eb guximsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebrderisa nga ana tjet\u00ebr popujt tjer\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha si francez\u00ebt e gjerman\u00ebt nuk e realizojn\u00eb? Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se ideja e nj\u00eb Europe t\u00eb bashkuar n\u00eb tregimin e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb historis\u00eb u p\u00ebrshtatet m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti\u00a0 vendeve si Franca, Gjermania e Italia, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt natyrsh\u00ebm dhe n\u00eb thelb ndjehen vende kontinentale. Francez\u00ebt shpesh paraqesin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb projektin e integrimit evropian, si hartimin e tyre, q\u00eb lidhet jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr Jean Monnet dhe Robert Schuman n\u00eb vitet 1950, por edhe p\u00ebr Victor Hugo n\u00eb 1860, Napoleonin n\u00eb 1800, sidhe Iluminizmin e shekullit t\u00eb 18-t\u00eb. Anglia p\u00ebrshtatet shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak me fatin e ides\u00eb Europiane, ashtu si\u00e7 gjenerali de Gaulle ishte i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr shkak se historia e Britanis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb globale. Ia vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet, gjithashtu, se disa vende t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe Franca, Gjermania, Italia, Polonia dhe Irlanda, kan\u00eb histori n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn vendimet e m\u00ebdha komb\u00ebtare jan\u00eb marr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb avangard\u00eb e shkolluar, gj\u00eb q\u00eb masat e gj\u00ebra t\u00eb popullit i kan\u00eb pranuar n\u00eb heshtje \u2013 nganj\u00ebher\u00eb me, dhe shpesh her\u00eb edhe pa d\u00ebshir\u00eb. Gjermania dhe Italia, p\u00ebr shembull, jan\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb shekullin e 19 me vendim t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi te gusht\u00eb t\u00eb politikan\u00ebve dhe intelektual\u00ebve. Sic disa prej tyre thonin: \u201cNe kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb Italin\u00eb, tani ne duhet ti b\u00ebjm\u00eb italian\u00ebt.\u201d B\u00ebrja e Evrop\u00ebs, dhe vet\u00ebm m\u00eb pas b\u00ebrja e evropian\u00ebve, ka qen\u00eb dhe mbetet projekti p\u00ebr integrim evropian. Elitat vendosin dhe masat u binden. Asnj\u00eb episod i till\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar n\u00eb historin\u00eb e anglez\u00ebve. N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn, nj\u00eb nga mitet e m\u00ebdha kulturore t\u00eb Anglis\u00eb \u2013 festa e vitin t\u00eb kaluar me rastin e 800 vjetorit t\u00eb Magna Carta-s \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb se elitat duhet patjet\u00ebrsisht\u00a0 t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb vullnetin e popullit. Referendumi p\u00ebr dalje nga BE-ja dhe dor\u00ebheqja e kryeministrit Cameroon bukur i p\u00ebrshtatet ky ideal: populli vendos fatin e vet, jo elitat politike, ekonomike apo intelektuale.<\/p>\n

Ndoshta dallimi m\u00eb i madh mbi t\u00eb gjitha \u00ebsht\u00eb psikologjik. Integrimi evropian \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt i bazuar n\u00eb frik\u00eb. Frika nga lufta, e dominimit t\u00eb huaj, e konfliktit civil, e qeverisjes autoritare, e integrimit, e Komunizmit.. Franca dhe pionier\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1950 kishin frik\u00eb nga Gjermania. Gjermania t\u00eb mos urrehej. E an\u00ebtar\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb reja t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u bashkuan n\u00eb vitet 1980 dhe \u201990, Spanja, Portugalia dhe Greqia kishin frik\u00eb nj\u00eb kthimi n\u00eb diktatur\u00eb t\u00eb krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb. Vendet e Evrop\u00ebs Lindore frik\u00eb Rusin\u00eb. \u201cEuropa\u201d ofroi nj\u00eb fillim t\u00eb ri, nj\u00eb arratisje nga frika e s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs. Disa nga k\u00ebto frika jan\u00eb pak\u00ebsuar, por jo t\u00eb gjitha. Njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb moderuar n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve kontinentale jan\u00eb t\u00eb frik\u00ebsuar prej nj\u00eb kollapsi eventual t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb. Anglia \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb me ndryshe: atje mbi gjysma e popullsis\u00eb i tha PO Brexit. Arsyeja themelore \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb. Anglia ka vuajtur shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak nga fatkeq\u00ebsit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. Ajo nuk ka humbur ndonj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb madhe q\u00eb nga viti 1783, dhe nuk ka qen\u00eb e pushtuar nga viti 1066.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse kombet e m\u00ebdha si Franca ende kan\u00eb frik\u00eb nga fantazmat e historis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkak i frik\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar rrug\u00ebtimin vet\u00ebm, shum\u00eb kombe t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb tilla si Katalonjasit, Flaman\u00ebt, dhe gjithashtu Skocez\u00ebt dhe Uellsian\u00ebt, vazhdojm\u00eb t\u00eb shohim BE-n\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht d\u00ebshtimeve t\u00eb saj, si t\u00eb domosdoshme p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre dhe vet\u00eb-respekt, p\u00ebr\u00a0 mbrojtjen e tyre nga fqinj\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj \u2013 duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Anglin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Edhe Britania kishte frik\u00ebrat e veta, n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e pasluft\u00ebs, kur ajo\u00a0 trokaste n\u00eb der\u00ebn e BEE-s\u00eb. Ajo nuk ishte m\u00eb fuqia e madhe perandorake. Politikan\u00ebt e saj dhe diplomat\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar dhe b\u00ebnin cmos p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur s\u00eb b\u00ebri thjesht \u201d nj\u00eb Suedi m\u00eb e madhe\u201d \u2013 e izoluar dhe e par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Ekonomikisht ajo dukej t\u00eb ngel\u00eb pas, me shkall\u00eb t\u00eb rritjes shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt sesa Franca, Gjermania dhe Italia. Anglia po fundosej dhe an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb BE u b\u00eb mjeti kryesor\u00eb i shp\u00ebtimit t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

Por k\u00ebto frik\u00ebra shum\u00eb shpejt u avulluan. Rritja me shkall\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb n\u00eb kontinent ishte nj\u00eb fenomen normal n\u00eb saje t\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes s\u00eb tyre t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs sidhe modernizimit t\u00eb bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb. Frika nga r\u00ebnia e fuqis\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb ishte shkak i procesit t\u00eb dekolonizimit. Q\u00eb nga mesi i viteve 1980, performanca ekonomike e Britanis\u00eb ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb e mir\u00eb se ajo e Europ\u00ebs, dhe gjat\u00eb disa viteve t\u00eb fundit ajo ka qen\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb e mir\u00eb se ajo e eurozon\u00ebs. N\u00eb bot\u00ebn shum\u00ebpolar\u00ebshe njer\u00ebzit tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar ta shohin dhe vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb Britanin\u00eb si\u00e7 ka qen\u00eb 300 vitet e fundit: nj\u00eb nga shtetet q\u00eb dominon bot\u00ebn ose nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb pasurat dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishmet. Ideja e Evrop\u00ebs si anija e jet\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar me vizionin e saj prej Titaniku, subjekt i krizave t\u00eb nj\u00eb pas nj\u00ebshme q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pafuqishme q\u00eb ti zgjidh. Rrjedhimisht, opinion zyrtar n\u00eb barometrit europian i realizuar n\u00eb vitin 2013 tregoi Britanin\u00eb e Madhe si vendin e vet\u00ebm brenda Unionit Europian q\u00eb besojn\u00eb se vendi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb efektshme do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballon bot\u00ebn modern jasht\u00eb Unionit sesa brenda. 2<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr fund, k\u00ebt\u00eb vendim nga referendumi historik n\u00eb Britani p\u00ebr dalje nga BE-ja at\u00ebher\u00eb do ta p\u00ebrmbyllja me: Britanez\u00ebt historikisht jan\u00eb popull me mend\u00ebsi globale, dhe assesi nuk mund ta durojn\u00eb izolimin brenda Europ\u00ebs dhe mend\u00ebsis\u00eb kontinentale, e mbi t\u00eb gjitha dominimin dhe n\u00ebnshtrimin ndaj gjerman\u00ebve dhe francez\u00ebve. Ata jan\u00eb popull lundrues dhe tani do t\u00eb lundrojn\u00eb drejt\u00eb tregjeve dhe politikave t\u00eb reja globale, k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb tentim p\u00ebr tiu rikthyer esenc\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre. Se a do t\u00eb ri-realizojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb kushtet dhe rrethanat hiper t\u00eb ndryshueshme, ngelemi ta shohim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shkruan: Abdylvehab Ejupi Presidenti francez Charles de Gaulle me rastin e vetos s\u00eb par\u00eb ndaj aplikimit t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe p\u00ebr ky\u00e7je n\u00eb Komunitetin Ekonomik Europian m\u00eb 1963, n\u00eb fjalimin…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12659,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinionanaliza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12658"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12658"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12661,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12658\/revisions\/12661"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}