{"id":12670,"date":"2016-06-28T22:32:51","date_gmt":"2016-06-28T21:32:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shekulliagency.com\/?p=12670"},"modified":"2016-06-28T22:33:47","modified_gmt":"2016-06-28T21:33:47","slug":"perandoria-osmane-dhe-protestantet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/?p=12670","title":{"rendered":"Perandoria Osmane dhe protestant\u00ebt"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"valter-nasufi-\"<\/a>Nga Valter NASUFI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pasi Perandoria Osmane kishte marr\u00eb Kostandinopoj\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 1453, filloi nj\u00eb er\u00eb e re, e cila i dha m\u00eb shum\u00eb prestigj n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Tashm\u00eb mbret\u00ebrit\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs e shikonin m\u00eb ndryshe, dhe kishin frik\u00eb ta luftonin at\u00eb. P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, kishte edhe prej atyre q\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb preferonin pakt paqeje ose aleanc\u00eb, sesa ta kishin kund\u00ebrshtar. T\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb b\u00ebri edhe Franca n\u00eb shekullin e XVI. Kjo aleanc\u00eb ishte n\u00eb interes t\u00eb t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht fitimit t\u00eb territoreve n\u00eb Ballkan, osman\u00ebve iu desh t\u00eb krijonin aleanca n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ta kishin m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb sundimin dhe, nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, mbrojtjen nga armiqt\u00eb. Duke b\u00ebr\u00eb aleanca, perandoria do ishte m\u00eb e sigurt dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonte edhe nga ana materiale. K\u00ebshtu, nj\u00eb nga aleat\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XVI ishte Franca. Si osman\u00ebve, ashtu dhe francez\u00ebve, u interesonte nj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb, ngase q\u00eb t\u00eb dy pal\u00ebt kishin nj\u00eb armik t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, Carli-n V t\u00eb habsburg\u00ebve. Francisi dhe Carli V ishin pretendent\u00eb kryesor\u00eb p\u00ebr fronin e Perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb Romake, por rivaliteti i tyre i \u00e7oi n\u00eb luft\u00eb, dhe k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb Franca u b\u00eb aleat me osman\u00ebt p\u00ebr ta dob\u00ebsuar Carli-n V. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, osman\u00ebve u konvenonte di\u00e7ka e till\u00eb, se k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt nuk ishin t\u00eb unifikuar; dhe n\u00ebse nuk jan\u00eb s\u00eb bashku kund\u00ebr osman\u00ebve, pak shanse kishin p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar. N\u00eb librin, \u201cPerandoria Osmane\u201d, Halil Inalxhik shkruan: \u201cM\u00eb 1536 aleanca u lidh, Sulltani ishte i gatsh\u00ebm t\u2019u jepte francez\u00ebve, si nj\u00eb komb miq\u00ebsor, liri tregtare brenda perandoris\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n

Edhe studiuesi i njohur arab i historis\u00eb, Ali Muhamed Salabi, n\u00eb librin e tij, \u201cPerandoria Osmane, Faktor\u00ebt e ngritjes dhe r\u00ebnies s\u00eb saj\u201d, kur flet p\u00ebr aleanc\u00ebn franceze dhe interesat q\u00eb kishte ajo ndaj k\u00ebtij pakti, thot\u00eb se, \u201dP\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, dhe Fransua I mendoi q\u00eb ta shfryt\u00ebzoj\u00eb prestigjin dhe fuqin\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane dhe ta b\u00ebj\u00eb mik p\u00ebr vete. Iu afrua miq\u00ebsisht dhe me respekt n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje, duke qen\u00eb i bindur se Perandoria Osmane \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb do ta pengonte Carlsin V nga ambiciet e tij.\u201d P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb q\u00eb pati kjo marr\u00ebveshje, ajo u quajt \u201cMarr\u00ebveshja e privilegjeve osmane dhe franceze.\u201d<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshja francezo-osmane kishte r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi jo vet\u00ebm politike, por edhe ekonomiko-sociale; ajo tregonte lirin\u00eb e veprimit t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve midis dy vendeve dhe ekonomin\u00eb e nd\u00ebrsjellt\u00eb pa taksa. Nd\u00ebrsa taksat q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb paguheshin ishin t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjella p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy perandorit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nuk ishte vet\u00ebm aleanca franceze q\u00eb kishte r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, por edhe ajo me protestant\u00ebt ishte nj\u00eb gur themeli tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt ishin akoma edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7ar\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa osman\u00ebt, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebrfitonin prej rastit p\u00ebr aleanca. Historiani Inalxhik gjithashtu n\u00ebnvizon se, \u201cAleanca franceze ishte gur themeli i politik\u00ebs osmane n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Osmanlinjt\u00eb po ashtu e gjet\u00ebn aleatin natyral n\u00eb Lidhjen Shmalkalden t\u00eb princave\u00a0 gjerman\u00eb protestant\u00eb q\u00eb luftonin kund\u00ebr Carlsit V.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb interesante po ashtu t\u00eb ceket se osman\u00ebt, kur b\u00ebn\u00eb aleanc\u00eb edhe me protestant\u00ebt, ndikuan ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb rritjen e ndikimit t\u00eb tyre. Duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb faktor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. K\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb e tregon edhe Halil Inalxhik, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se, \u201cHulumtimet e fundit kan\u00eb treguar se trysnia osmane midis viteve 1521 e 1555 i detyroi habsburg\u00ebt t\u2019u jepnin koncesione protestant\u00ebve, dhe ky ishte shkaku q\u00eb m\u00eb fund t\u00eb njihet zyrtarisht Protestantizmi.\u201d Gjithashtu, mes t\u00eb tjerash, autori po n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin lib\u00ebr tregon edhe disa detaje t\u00eb nj\u00eb letre q\u00eb Sulltan Sulejmani u kishte d\u00ebrguar protestant\u00ebve. \u201cSulejmani b\u00ebri me dije se protestant\u00ebt i konsideronte t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me mysliman\u00ebt, sepse edhe ata i kishin shkat\u00ebrruar idhujt dhe kishin \u00e7uar krye kund\u00ebr pap\u00ebs. P\u00ebrkrahja dhe mbrojtja e luterian\u00ebve dhe kalvinist\u00ebve kund\u00ebr Katolicizmit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb gur themeli i politik\u00ebs osmane n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.\u201d\u00a0 Pra, mb\u00ebshtetja dhe intervenimi i osman\u00ebve n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb faktor kro\u00e7ial p\u00ebr ngritjen e Protestantizmit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si t\u00eb thuash, n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, osman\u00ebt jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb shkaktar\u00eb edhe t\u00eb ardhjes s\u00eb kapitalizmit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, jo direkt, por indirekt, kjo gjithmon\u00eb n\u00ebse i mb\u00ebshtetemi tez\u00ebs s\u00eb Maks Veberit. I cili, sipas teoris\u00eb s\u00eb tij t\u00eb njohur, potencon se ishte pik\u00ebrisht devocioni i madh q\u00eb kishin protestant\u00ebt p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn q\u00eb ngriti korporata e asaj periudhe dhe solli ndarjen e pun\u00ebs. Studiuesi i njohur\u00a0 i sociologjis\u00eb, George Ritzer, n\u00eb librin, \u201cTeoria sociologjike\u201d, g\u00ebrm\u00ebzon se, \u201cVler\u00ebsimi fetar i p\u00ebrkushtimit ndaj pun\u00ebs s\u00eb vazhdueshme sistematike n\u00eb thirrjen e p\u00ebrbotshme, si m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e lart\u00eb e asketizmit, dhe, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, prova m\u00eb e sigurt e rilindjes s\u00eb besimit t\u00eb \u00e7ilt\u00ebr, duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb leva shtys\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme dhe e fort\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjerimin e \u2026shpirtit t\u00eb kapitalizmit.\u201d Pra, e paraqet si nj\u00eb kusht gati kryesor shpirtin kapitalist t\u00eb protestant\u00ebve q\u00eb kishin p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn; si pasoj\u00eb, rrodhi edhe ngritja e kapitalizmit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, nj\u00eb kapitaliz\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk ishte par\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb. Apo, si\u00e7 edhe thot\u00eb vet\u00eb Maks Veber n\u00eb librin e tij, \u201cEtika, protestanti dhe shpirti i kapitalizmit\u201d, duke vazhduar se, \u201cP\u00ebr oksidentin ka nxjerr\u00eb kapitaliz\u00ebm me nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsie, gj\u00eb q\u00eb shpjegon arsyen e saj, n\u00eb lloje, forma dhe drejtime q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb ekzistuar kurr\u00eb diku gjetk\u00eb.\u201d Si p\u00ebrfundim, Perandoria Osmane u b\u00eb shkaktare indirekte e ardhjes s\u00eb kapitalizmit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. N\u00ebse protestant\u00ebt nuk do t\u00eb kishin mb\u00ebshtetjen e osman\u00ebve, ndoshta ardhja e kapitalizmit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb do vonohej me nj\u00eb shekull.<\/p>\n

\/tesheshi.com\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Valter NASUFI Pasi Perandoria Osmane kishte marr\u00eb Kostandinopoj\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 1453, filloi nj\u00eb er\u00eb e re, e cila i dha m\u00eb shum\u00eb prestigj n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Tashm\u00eb mbret\u00ebrit\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12671,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histori"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12670"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12670"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12673,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12670\/revisions\/12673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}