{"id":16233,"date":"2016-11-24T10:29:10","date_gmt":"2016-11-24T09:29:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shekulliagency.com\/?p=16233"},"modified":"2016-11-24T05:31:20","modified_gmt":"2016-11-24T04:31:20","slug":"estonia-nje-mesim-per-maqedonine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/?p=16233","title":{"rendered":"Estonia \u2013 nj\u00eb m\u00ebsim p\u00ebr Maqedonin\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/orhan-8788-e1479961842743.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16234\" src=\"http:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/orhan-8788-e1479961842743.jpg\" alt=\"orhan-8788\" width=\"630\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/orhan-8788-e1479961842743.jpg 630w, https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/orhan-8788-e1479961842743-300x179.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/a>S\u00eb fundmi Estonia ka shkuar edhe nj\u00eb hap m\u00eb tej \u2013 qeveria ka lansuar nj\u00eb program t\u00eb quajtur e-Residency (shtet\u00ebsi elektronike), program ky i cili i mund\u00ebson secilit, kudo qoft\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb, t\u00eb b\u00ebhet \u201cn\u00ebnshtetas elektronik\u201d i Estonis\u00eb, duke ua dh\u00ebn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb themelojn\u00eb biznese n\u00eb Estoni pa qen\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm fizikisht atje. P\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb p\u00ebr seriozitetin dhe nivelin e inovacioneve n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e teknologjis\u00eb, mjafton t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim q\u00eb n\u00eb Estoni \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar aplikacioni Skype, si dhe shum\u00eb e shum\u00eb inovacione t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Shkruan:<strong> Orhan MURTEZANI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kur p\u00ebrmendet Estonia, gj\u00ebja e vetme q\u00eb na kujtohet \u00ebsht\u00eb Eurovizioni, i mbajtur n\u00eb vitin 2002, dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se dim\u00eb di\u00e7ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, duke pasur parasysh se kemi disa ngjashm\u00ebri, sidomos sa i p\u00ebrket t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs komuniste, mendoj se ky shtet mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si shembull shum\u00eb i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar.<\/p>\n<p>Estonia e rifitoi pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj n\u00eb vitin 1991, pra pas shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik. \u00cbsht\u00eb shteti m\u00eb verior nga tre shtetet baltike dhe numri i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i popullsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.3 milion banor\u00eb. Q\u00eb nga viti 2004 \u00ebsht\u00eb an\u00ebtare e BE-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb vitin 1991 ky shtet ballafaqohej me t\u00eb gjitha problemet me te cilat mund te ballafaqohej nj\u00eb shtet i dale nga nj\u00eb sistem komunist, duke filluar nga problemet ekonomike, sfidat e shumta me tranzicionin, problemet me demokracin\u00eb, qeverit\u00eb q\u00eb tentonin t\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka, korrupsionin, sistemin e vjetruar arsimor e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo, Estonia n\u00eb vend se t\u00eb mbetej peng i s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs komuniste, vazhdoi tutje dhe aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr shtetet ekonomikisht m\u00eb t\u00eb suksesshme nga an\u00ebtaret e reja t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb dhe shteti m\u00eb i zhvilluar teknologjik n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Por, sukseset e k\u00ebtij shteti nuk p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb k\u00ebtu. N\u00eb vitin 2007 Estonia ishte shteti i par\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb lejoi votimin n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet internetit, 95% e popullat\u00ebs taksat i paguajn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet internetit, pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimet e qeveris\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet internetit (on-line), nd\u00ebrsa posedon sigurin\u00eb kibernetike nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb mirat n\u00eb bot\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2000 t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb internet qeveria e shpalli t\u00eb drejt\u00eb njer\u00ebzore. Sipas prestigjiozes \u201cThe Economist\u201d, shteti n\u00eb vitin 2013 e ka mbajtur rekordin bot\u00ebror p\u00ebr themelimin e bizneseve t\u00eb reja (startup) p\u00ebr person. Sipas Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, n\u00eb vitin 2014 n\u00eb Estoni jan\u00eb regjistruar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 14.000 kompani t\u00eb reja, nd\u00ebrsa procedura e regjistrimit b\u00ebhet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet internetit dhe nuk zgjat m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb minuta. Industria e teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb tani p\u00ebrb\u00ebn rreth 15% t\u00eb GDP-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00eb fundmi Estonia ka shkuar edhe nj\u00eb hap m\u00eb tej \u2013 qeveria ka lansuar nj\u00eb program t\u00eb quajtur e-Residency (shtet\u00ebsi elektronike), program ky i cili i mund\u00ebson secilit, kudo qoft\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb, t\u00eb b\u00ebhet \u201cn\u00ebnshtetas elektronik\u201d i Estonis\u00eb, duke ua dh\u00ebn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb themelojn\u00eb biznese n\u00eb Estoni pa qen\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm fizikisht atje. P\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb p\u00ebr seriozitetin dhe nivelin e inovacioneve n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e teknologjis\u00eb, mjafton t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim q\u00eb n\u00eb Estoni \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar aplikacioni Skype, si dhe shum\u00eb e shum\u00eb inovacione t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Si e arriti Estonia k\u00ebt\u00eb zhvillim teknologjik dhe ekonomik<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet e para pas pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb qeveria e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb rinj n\u00eb mosh\u00eb (mosha mesatare 35-vje\u00e7ar) i p\u00ebrcaktoi q\u00ebllimet strategjike, duke i sjell\u00eb tatimet e sheshta, filloi nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb reformash n\u00eb treg, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb tregtin\u00eb e lir\u00eb e privatizimin, si dhe duke i eliminuar t\u00eb gjitha pengesat burokratike p\u00ebr themelimin e bizneseve t\u00eb reja. Gjithashtu filloi nj\u00eb partneritet t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me sektorin e biznesit dhe teknologjis\u00eb, duke krijuar hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, kushte dhe mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sip\u00ebrmarrje.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb posa\u00e7me qeveria i kushton edhe sistemit arsimor, sidomos matematik\u00ebs dhe inxhinieris\u00eb. Vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet fakti se f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs shtat\u00ebvje\u00e7are u m\u00ebsohen bazat e kodimit. Si rezultat i k\u00ebsaj, sot estonez\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb shtyr\u00eb t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore, inventive, t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e biznesit dhe t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb karakter t\u00eb theksuar sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs. E nj\u00ebjta vlen edhe p\u00ebr qeverin\u00eb. N\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs shum\u00eb i suksessh\u00ebm i Estonis\u00eb, Taavet Hinrikus, n\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb shprehet: \u201cN\u00eb vitet e \u201880-ta \u00e7do nx\u00ebn\u00ebs i shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme d\u00ebshironte t\u00eb b\u00ebhej yll roku, sot secili n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb t\u00eb mesme d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb b\u00ebhet sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u2019i kthehemi tani Maqedonis\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Edhe 25 vite pas pavar\u00ebsimit t\u00eb saj v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se mund t\u00eb shohim ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktim t\u00eb shtetit ose qeveris\u00eb. Edhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite t\u00eb gjitha qeverit\u00eb e deritanishme, kush m\u00eb pak e kush m\u00eb shum\u00eb, t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypje se m\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi jan\u00eb strategjit\u00eb elektorale sesa p\u00ebrcaktimet dhe q\u00ebllimet strategjike t\u00eb shtetit.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me bujq\u00ebsin\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shteti ndan\u00eb subvencione t\u00eb majme. N\u00eb vitin 2008 p\u00ebr subvencione n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi qeveria ndau 45 milion\u00eb euro, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vitin e kaluar ndau 150 milion\u00eb euro. Mir\u00ebpo, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb absurd t\u00eb papar\u00eb: subvencionet p\u00ebr bujq\u00ebsi jan\u00eb trefishuar, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb importi i prodhimeve bujq\u00ebsore \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i madh se eksporti i tyre! Vlera e importit n\u00eb vitin 2006 ishte rreth 400 milion\u00eb euro, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vitin 2013 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 600 milion\u00eb. Pra, k\u00ebto subvencione nuk po japin rezultate, qoft\u00eb kjo si pasoj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb gabuar ose p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb subvencioneve p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime kryek\u00ebput elektorale.<\/p>\n<p>Nga prilli i vitit t\u00eb kaluar qeveria ka filluar me nj\u00eb projekt t\u00eb quajtur \u201cMaqedonia pun\u00ebson\u201d, ku, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet masave t\u00eb ndryshme, parashihej mb\u00ebshtetja e bizneseve t\u00eb reja dhe atyre ekzistuese n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet subvencioneve t\u00eb ndryshme dhe leht\u00ebsimeve tatimore, projekt ky i cili do t\u00eb hapte vende pune p\u00ebr 20.000 persona. Edhe pse mungojn\u00eb informacione dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr efektin real t\u00eb k\u00ebtij projekti, n\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb, s\u00eb paku sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb, krijohet p\u00ebrshtypja se ky projekt po jep rezultate pozitive. Mir\u00ebpo, bazuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb raport t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, publikuar rishtas, thuhet se vendet e pun\u00ebs t\u00eb krijuara nga subvencionet e qeveris\u00eb krijojn\u00eb probleme serioze n\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e Fondit Pensional, i cili i paguan pensionet nga fondet q\u00eb qeveria ia ndan\u00eb nga buxheti, nd\u00ebrsa \u2013 nga ana tjet\u00ebr \u2013 leht\u00ebsimet tatimore dhe lirimi i kompanive nga kontributet i zvog\u00eblon t\u00eb hyrat e shtetit. N\u00eb raport gjithashtu thuhet se papun\u00ebsia n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar jo p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb masave t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb, por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb emigrimit shum\u00eb t\u00eb madh, sidomos t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve jasht\u00eb vendit. Pra, leht\u00ebsimet fiskale n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast l\u00ebre q\u00eb nuk ndikojn\u00eb pozitivisht, por \u2013 p\u00ebrkundrazi \u2013 e detyrojn\u00eb qeverin\u00eb q\u00eb munges\u00ebn e zbraz\u00ebtive n\u00eb buxhet ta kompensoj\u00eb me huamarrje ose me emetimin e euro-obligacioneve.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb, kur zhvillimi ekonomik stagnon dhe sektori i privat nuk gjeneron vende t\u00eb reja pune, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e atyre q\u00eb nuk emigrojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb shtetit shp\u00ebtimin e vet\u00ebm e shohin n\u00eb pun\u00ebsimin n\u00eb administrat\u00eb. Sipas hulumtimeve BIRN-it, n\u00eb tet\u00eb vitet e fundit administrata \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur p\u00ebr 25%, nd\u00ebrsa numri real i administrat\u00ebs v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se mund t\u00eb dihet. Vlen t\u00eb potencohet se k\u00ebto pun\u00ebsime i leverdisin shum\u00eb qeveris\u00eb, sidomos p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime elektorale.<\/p>\n<p>Dhe, n\u00eb fund, rasti m\u00eb eklatant sipas meje, i cili tregon se mungojn\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimet strategjike q\u00eb do gjenerojn\u00eb zhvillim dhe mir\u00ebqenie, \u00ebsht\u00eb projekti q\u00eb nga shum\u00ebkush \u00ebsht\u00eb em\u00ebruar si \u201cki\u00e7\u201d, projekti \u201cShkupi 2014\u201d. S\u00ebrish sipas hulumtimeve BIRN-it, vlera e k\u00ebtij projekti e tejkalon shum\u00ebn prej 560 milion\u00eb euro. Pra, qindra miliona euro n\u00eb investime joproduktive! Sa p\u00ebr ilustrim, bizneset e reja n\u00eb Estoni vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 2015 kan\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr 100 milion\u00eb dollar\u00eb kapital t\u00eb huaj, kjo si rezultat i masave dhe politikave kreative t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb biznesit dhe sip\u00ebrmarrjes.<\/p>\n<p>Krejt n\u00eb fund \u2013 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00ebllimi jon\u00eb q\u00eb shtetin e Estonis\u00eb ta paraqesim si parajs\u00eb mbi tok\u00eb, ngase policia, gjykatat dhe administrata ende jan\u00eb shum\u00eb larg vendeve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore, nd\u00ebrsa papun\u00ebsia dhe korrupsioni vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb probleme serioze, si edhe relacionet gjeopolitike me Rusin\u00eb e t\u00eb tjera. Mir\u00ebpo, rasti i Estonis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb storie suksesi p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha shtetet e ish Bashkimit Sovjetik. \u00cbsht\u00eb shembull shum\u00eb i mir\u00eb se si vendi mund ta ndryshoj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn e qeveris\u00eb dhe ekonomis\u00eb, se si vendi duhet t\u2019i p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb q\u00ebllimet strategjike dhe t\u00eb fokusohet n\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi n\u00eb arritjen e tyre, shembull se si ndryshimi i mend\u00ebsis\u00eb fillon me t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb, me nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb dhe pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb re p\u00ebr problemet me t\u00eb cilat ballafaqohemi, me sistem arsimor shum\u00eb cil\u00ebsor, i cili do t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb kuadro t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb gjenerojn\u00eb ide kreative dhe bashk\u00ebkohore n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb zhvillimit ekonomik t\u00eb vendit, me bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb me sektorin e biznesit, duke ofruar mb\u00ebshtetje aktive dhe duke i larguar t\u00eb gjitha pengesat p\u00ebr themelimin dhe zhvillimin e bizneseve te reja, duke krijuar nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse dhe vlera t\u00eb reja shoq\u00ebrore e jo nj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr p\u00ebr t\u2019u strehuar n\u00eb administrat\u00ebn e shtetit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00eb fundmi Estonia ka shkuar edhe nj\u00eb hap m\u00eb tej \u2013 qeveria ka lansuar nj\u00eb program t\u00eb quajtur e-Residency (shtet\u00ebsi elektronike), program ky i cili i mund\u00ebson secilit, kudo qoft\u00eb&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16234,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinionanaliza"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16233"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16233"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16235,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16233\/revisions\/16235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}