{"id":29682,"date":"2019-11-17T14:00:05","date_gmt":"2019-11-17T13:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shekulliagency.com\/?p=29682"},"modified":"2019-11-17T14:00:06","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T13:00:06","slug":"rezistenca-ndaj-antibiotikeve-nje-armik-qe-njeh-levizjen-e-radhes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/?p=29682","title":{"rendered":"Rezistenca ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve, nj\u00eb armik q\u00eb njeh l\u00ebvizjen e radh\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vet\u00ebm 70 vjet pas futjes s\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebve n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim, nj\u00eb dhurat\u00eb e shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kuroj\u00eb shum\u00eb s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb mundshme vras\u00ebse, bota tani po p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb ri: rezistenc\u00ebn ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ila\u00e7et antimikrobik\u00eb, t\u00eb njohur si antibiotik\u00eb, jan\u00eb ila\u00e7e q\u00eb luftojn\u00eb bakteret duke vrar\u00eb ose ndaluar rritjen e tyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deri n\u00eb zbulimin e penicilin\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1928, njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn ishin n\u00eb nj\u00eb betej\u00eb humb\u00ebse kund\u00ebr s\u00ebmundjeve bakteriale si meningjiti, pneumonia ose infeksionet pas operacioneve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipas nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb vitit 2016 nga Qendra Komb\u00ebtare e SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr Informacionin e Bioteknologjis\u00eb (NCBI), para shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb, jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsia mesatare ishte 47 vjet, madje edhe n\u00eb vendet e industrializuara. Por, pas ardhjes s\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebve, jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsia u rrit n\u00eb gati 80 vite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me p\u00ebrdorimin e antibiotik\u00ebve, shkaqet kryesore t\u00eb vdekjes kaluan nga s\u00ebmundjet ngjit\u00ebse n\u00eb ato jongjit\u00ebse, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb \u00e7rregullimet kardiovaskulare, kanceri dhe sulmi n\u00eb tru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asnj\u00eb antibiotik nuk mund t\u00eb kuroj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha s\u00ebmundjet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Antibiotik\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb qet\u00ebsues p\u00ebr dhimbjet ose antipiretik\u00eb. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb keqkuptimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura, njer\u00ebzit kan\u00eb tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin antibiotik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar t\u00eb ftohtin dhe gripin”, tha p\u00ebr Anadolu Agency (AA), Yeliz Demirci, nj\u00eb mjeke e specializuar n\u00eb kujdesin familjar n\u00eb Aksaray t\u00eb Turqis\u00eb qendrore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Infeksionet si gripi dhe ftohja nuk shkaktohen nga infeksione bakteriale por nga viruse, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i antibiotik\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar k\u00ebto nuk do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb, pasi ato nuk kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb efekt ndaj viruseve”, shtoi ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demirci tha se antibiotik\u00ebt jan\u00eb shp\u00ebtues t\u00eb jet\u00ebs, por ato duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundjen e duhur, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e duhur dhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjen e duhur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Nuk ka asnj\u00eb antibiotik q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebroj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha s\u00ebmundjet”, thot\u00eb Demirci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00c7do antibiotik vepron mbi nj\u00eb baktere t\u00eb ndryshme. Zona n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn \u00e7do antibiotik \u00ebsht\u00eb efektiv \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, antibiotik\u00ebt e p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar infeksionin e fytit dhe mushk\u00ebrive nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr infeksione t\u00eb traktit urinar, pasi ato nuk kan\u00eb efekt. Jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebt mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha s\u00ebmundjet”, shpjegoi ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezistenca e antibiotik\u00ebve rritet n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb larta t\u00eb rrezikshme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zbulimi inovativ i antibiotik\u00ebve, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, \u00e7oi n\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim t\u00eb madh sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb parregullt. Bakteret q\u00eb dikur ishin t\u00eb ndjeshme jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb rezistente ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve, si nj\u00eb armik q\u00eb njeh l\u00ebvizjet tuaja t\u00eb ardhshme m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demirci tha se p\u00ebrdorimi i panevojsh\u00ebm i antibiotik\u00ebve ose p\u00ebrdorimi i gabuar i antibiotik\u00ebve mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb q\u00eb bakteret t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb ndaj trajtimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme me barna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Kjo gjendje, e quajtur rezistenc\u00eb ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve, \u00ebsht\u00eb aft\u00ebsia e fituar e baktereve, t\u00eb quajtur “superbugs”, p\u00ebr t’u rritur dhe infektuar p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr pranis\u00eb s\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebve”, tha ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezistenca e baktereve “superbugs” ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve p\u00ebrb\u00ebn rrezik jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr personin q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn jo t\u00eb duhur antibiotik\u00ebt, por edhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebdo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb preket potencialisht nga bakteret rezistente m\u00eb pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Me k\u00ebt\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb, antibiotik\u00ebt mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb paefektsh\u00ebm, s\u00ebmundjet infektive t\u00eb mos mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrohen dhe madje edhe nj\u00eb plag\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb e infektuar t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb vdekje. P\u00ebrdorimi i panevojsh\u00ebm dhe i gabuar i antibiotik\u00ebve mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb r\u00ebnda n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen”, tha Demirci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb (OBSH) ka paralajm\u00ebruar se rezistenca ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve po rritet n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb larta t\u00eb rrezikshme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt e bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Mekanizmat e rinj t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs po shfaqen dhe po p\u00ebrhapen globalisht, duke k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar aft\u00ebsin\u00eb ton\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar s\u00ebmundjet e zakonshme infektive”, ka th\u00ebn\u00eb agjencia e OKB-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Nj\u00eb list\u00eb n\u00eb rritje e infeksioneve, t\u00eb tilla si pneumonia, tuberkulozi, helmimi i gjakut, gonorea dhe s\u00ebmundjet e lindura nga ushqimi, jan\u00eb duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira, dhe nganj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb pamundshme, p\u00ebr t’u trajtuar pasi antibiotik\u00ebt b\u00ebhen m\u00eb pak efektiv\u00eb”, thekson OBSH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teksa antibiotik\u00ebt jan\u00eb efektiv\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrimin e disa s\u00ebmundjeve duke vrar\u00eb bakteret e d\u00ebmshme, Demirci tha se bakteret e dobishme n\u00eb trupin ton\u00eb q\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb zorr\u00ebt, l\u00ebkur\u00ebn, organet gjenitale dhe sistemet e tjera gjithashtu mund t\u00eb vriten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Vrasja e baktereve t\u00eb dobishme n\u00eb trupin ton\u00eb me an\u00eb t\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebve do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb ne humbim mb\u00ebshtetjen q\u00eb marrim nga k\u00ebto baktere t\u00eb dobishme, gj\u00eb q\u00eb, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, hap rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr rritjen e baktereve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme”, tha ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Kjo \u00e7on n\u00eb infeksione oportuniste, t\u00eb tilla si diarrea dhe infeksionet fungale. Sh\u00ebrimi i k\u00ebtyre \u00e7rregullimeve gjithashtu ndikon negativisht tek individi, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb tyre imunitar”, shtoi Demirci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demirci tha se antibiotik\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren vet\u00ebm kur rekomandohen nga nj\u00eb mjek dhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebn dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e duhur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrohen bakteret q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb s\u00ebmundje dhe parandalohet zhvillimi i rezistenc\u00ebs”, tha ajo.


<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Transmetimi gjenetik
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajo gjithashtu potencoi rezistenc\u00ebn e transmetuar nga bakteret te bakteret p\u00ebrmes gjeneve.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Bakteret fitojn\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve q\u00eb hasin ose ndeshen me nj\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe doz\u00eb joadekuate. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb gjenet e baktereve. Kjo rezistenc\u00eb transmetohet nga bakteret n\u00eb baktere p\u00ebrmes gjeneve, por ndodh midis baktereve. K\u00ebtu nuk ka transferim nga prindi tek pasardh\u00ebsit”, shpjegon Demirci.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00ebse njer\u00ebzit hasin n\u00eb k\u00ebto baktere rezistente, nj\u00eb antibiotik q\u00eb dikur ishte efektiv nuk do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb m\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs”, tha ajo.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Pse disa vende jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb prekura se t\u00eb tjerat?
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edhe pse p\u00ebrdorimi jo i duhur i antibiotik\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem global, arsyet e shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb ose m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt ndryshojn\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb sasis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit, s\u00ebmundjeve themelore, cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb kujdesit spitalor, shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb imunizimit dhe faktor\u00ebve shoq\u00ebror\u00eb.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Megjith\u00ebse njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb vendet n\u00eb zhvillim ende vdesin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm me antibiotik\u00eb, n\u00eb \u00e7do kontinent ekziston shqet\u00ebsimi p\u00ebr rezistenc\u00ebn q\u00eb vjen nga p\u00ebrdorimi jo i duhur.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipas nj\u00eb raporti t\u00eb Organizat\u00ebs p\u00ebr Bashk\u00ebpunim Ekonomik dhe Zhvillim (OECD) p\u00ebr vitin 2018, “Frenimi i Val\u00ebs Superbug”, rreth 2,4 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz mund t\u00eb vdesin n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, Amerik\u00ebn e Veriut dhe Australi deri n\u00eb vitin 2050 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb infeksioneve t\u00eb shkaktuara nga “superbugs”, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00ebse b\u00ebhet m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb frenuar rezistenc\u00ebn e antibiotik\u00ebve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studimi thot\u00eb se tre nga kat\u00ebr vdekje nga infeksione me “superbug” mund t\u00eb shmangen duke shpenzuar vet\u00ebm 2,58 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr person n\u00eb vit n\u00eb hapa aq themelor\u00eb sa larja e duarve dhe p\u00ebrdorimi m\u00eb i kujdessh\u00ebm i antibiotik\u00ebve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb OECD-s\u00eb p\u00ebr vitin 2015, Turqia renditet e shtata n\u00eb proprocionin e rezistenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr tet\u00eb \u00e7ifte antibiotik-bakter, me 38,8 p\u00ebr qind, duke u radhitur pas Indis\u00eb, Kin\u00ebs, Rusis\u00eb, Rumanis\u00eb, Indonezis\u00eb dhe Perus\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Situata \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb Indi, me 57,1 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb tashm\u00eb kan\u00eb zhvilluar rezistenc\u00eb ndaj tet\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vet\u00ebm 70 vjet pas futjes s\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebve n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim, nj\u00eb dhurat\u00eb e shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kuroj\u00eb shum\u00eb s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb mundshme vras\u00ebse, bota tani po p\u00ebrballet…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1756,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lajme"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29682"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29683,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29682\/revisions\/29683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}