{"id":31333,"date":"2020-02-21T13:07:05","date_gmt":"2020-02-21T12:07:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shekulliagency.com\/?p=31333"},"modified":"2020-02-21T13:11:53","modified_gmt":"2020-02-21T12:11:53","slug":"izraeli-zbaton-politike-te-re-ne-afrike-permes-emirateve-te-bashkuara-arabe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/?p=31333","title":{"rendered":"Izraeli zbaton politik\u00eb t\u00eb re n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb p\u00ebrmes Emirateve t\u00eb Bashkuara Arabe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gjat\u00eb vizit\u00ebs s\u00eb tij n\u00eb Uganda m\u00eb 3 shkurt, Kryeministri izraelit, Benjamin Netanyahu, u takua me kreun e K\u00ebshillit Sovran Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. Ky zhvillim tregon shfaqjen e nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb re p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket politikave t\u00eb Izraelit n\u00eb kontinentin afrikan. N\u00eb kuadrin e k\u00ebsaj qasjeje, Izraeli tani flet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb shteteve nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebse t\u00eb vendeve me shumic\u00eb muslimane me t\u00eb cilat i ka marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e pezulluara ose nuk ekzistojn\u00eb fare. Kjo shihet si simbol i nj\u00eb epoke t\u00eb re p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve izraelito-afrikane. D\u00ebshira e Netanyahut p\u00ebr lidhje me Sudanin \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb detyrim q\u00eb buron nga interesat e Izraelit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend dhe si rezultat i ndikimit politik dhe ekonomik n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin q\u00eb shfaqin gjurm\u00ebt e k\u00ebsaj qasjeje t\u00eb re diplomatike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr tre dinamika themelore n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e re t\u00eb Izraelit n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, e cila tani \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb konkrete pas takimit Netanyahu-Burhan. M\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja nga k\u00ebto \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekja e Izraelit p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur ndikimin e tij n\u00eb rajon n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb gjithashtu justifikon politikat e tij. Ky synim \u00ebsht\u00eb mish\u00ebruar brenda parull\u00ebs s\u00eb shprehur m\u00eb par\u00eb nga Netanyahu: “Izraeli i kthehet Afrik\u00ebs dhe Afrika i kthehet Izraelit”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket Afrik\u00ebs, kjo mund t\u00eb shihet n\u00eb dy aspekte: nj\u00ebra \u00ebsht\u00eb njohja e statusit t\u00eb Kudsit n\u00eb favor t\u00eb Izraelit dhe e dyta \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes nga Afrika, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht vendeve muslimane, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ashtuquajturin projektin e paqes s\u00eb Washingtonit. Dinamika e dyt\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimi i marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve politike t\u00eb Izraelit me vendet specifike me shumic\u00eb muslimane. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aspekt i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm i qasjes s\u00eb re diplomatike. N\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb, dinamika e tret\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb hapja e Izraelit n\u00eb kontinentin Afrikan p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb shteti ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb shteteve. Fakti q\u00eb takimi Netanyahu-Burhan u mbajt me nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimin e Emirateve t\u00eb Bashkuara Arabe (EBA) tregon aspektin m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb konceptit diplomatik t\u00eb treansh\u00ebm t\u00eb Izraelit. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, vendet e Gjirit po krijojn\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn politike p\u00ebr Izraelin n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrmes ndikimit t\u00eb tyre ekonomik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Pes\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet vendimtar\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve Izrael-Afrik\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Izrael-Afrik\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihen n\u00eb pes\u00eb periudha historike p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket procesit historik dhe pikave t\u00eb kthes\u00ebs. N\u00eb periudhat nd\u00ebrmjet 1956-1973, 1973-1982, 1982-1992, 1992-2006 dhe 2006 e deri m\u00eb sot. P\u00ebrpjekjet diplomatike t\u00eb Izraelit n\u00eb kontinentin Afrikan jan\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb vijave t\u00eb zhvillimeve t\u00eb brendshme n\u00eb Lindjen e Mesme dhe Afrik\u00eb, apo t\u00eb prishjes s\u00eb lidhjeve rajonale. Politika e jashtme e Izraelit n\u00eb k\u00ebto periudha i dha p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi programeve t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit siguri\/arsim, si dhe bashk\u00ebpunimit n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet teknike, nismat ekonomike, dhe ndihmat si dhe tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u00eb nga themelimi i Izraelit n\u00eb vitin 1948, q\u00eb pak a shum\u00eb p\u00ebrkon me pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e kombeve afrikane, nuk pati marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie diplomatike. Pas pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb shum\u00eb kombeve afrikane q\u00eb filluan n\u00eb vitet \u201950, nj\u00eb nga vendet e para q\u00eb Izraeli vendosi lidhje diplomatike ishte Gana. Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet politike me Gan\u00ebn filluan n\u00eb mesin e viteve 50, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb zyrtare me hapjen e nj\u00eb misioni diplomatik n\u00eb Gana p\u00ebrmes socialist\u00ebve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb. Pas k\u00ebsaj, konvergjencat me Bregun e Fildisht\u00eb, Nigerin\u00eb dhe Sierra Leone nis\u00ebn me fillimin e viteve 1960. Mediat n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb i p\u00ebrshkruan marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet politike dhe ekonomike midis k\u00ebtyre vendeve dhe Izraelit si “aleanca m\u00eb e \u00e7uditshme jozyrtare n\u00eb bot\u00eb”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00eb bashku me hapjen e misioneve t\u00eb Izraelit n\u00eb 32 vende afrikane n\u00eb vitet 1960, prania e 1.800 ekspert\u00ebve izraelit\u00eb q\u00eb punonin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive n\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin, jan\u00eb gjithashtu midis shembujve konkret t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve t\u00eb hershme afrikano-izraelite. Megjith\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet e Izraelit p\u00ebr t\u00eb q\u00ebndruar n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, tensionet midis Egjiptit q\u00eb rezultuan me Luft\u00ebn gjasht\u00eb-ditore shkaktuan nj\u00eb epok\u00eb pozitive, sado t\u00eb kufizuar, q\u00eb \u00e7oi drejt p\u00ebrfundimit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb nga faktor\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7oi n\u00eb kufizimin e lidhjeve ishte se l\u00ebvizjet e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin u identifikuan me kauz\u00ebn palestineze. Megjith\u00ebse ndikimi i Izraelit n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb u dob\u00ebsua pas luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Yom Kippur t\u00eb vitit 1973, ai nuk mori fund. Nd\u00ebrsa pikat kryesore t\u00eb kontinentit zhvendoseshin, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb vitin 1974, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me regjimin e aparteidit n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut u forcuan dhe filloi nj\u00eb epok\u00eb e re e bashk\u00ebpunimit politik, ekonomik dhe ushtarak me Kenian, Republik\u00ebn Demokratike t\u00eb Kongos, Etiopin\u00eb dhe Angol\u00ebn. K\u00ebtu gjithashtu pati nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me Nigerin\u00eb, Gan\u00ebn dhe Bregun e Fildisht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb pasura natyrore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb tregues dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb ishte se m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 30 p\u00ebr qind e arm\u00ebve t\u00eb prodhuara n\u00eb Izrael eksportoheshin n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. Nj\u00eb nga zhvillimet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Izrael-Afrik\u00eb ishte marr\u00ebveshja e paqes midis Egjiptit dhe Izraelit n\u00eb vitin 1977. Kjo marr\u00ebveshje leht\u00ebsoi hapat e Izraelit n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1980 dhe 1990. Sidoqoft\u00eb, Izraeli ishte shum\u00eb i p\u00ebrkushtuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur zona t\u00eb reja ndikimi n\u00eb kontinent pas shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb Intifad\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb dhe konsolidimit t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes palestineze, duke fituar nj\u00eb simpati t\u00eb gjer\u00eb midis afrikan\u00ebve, megjith\u00ebse Izraeli ende ruajti ndikimin e tij politik dhe ekonomik ekzistues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tre dinamika themelore kan\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Izrael-Afrik\u00eb nga vitet 1990 deri n\u00eb mesin e viteve 2000. S\u00eb pari, Marr\u00ebveshja e Oslos e vitit 1993, e cila njohu Shtetin autonom Palestinez, kontribuoi sado pak n\u00eb hapjen e nj\u00eb epoke t\u00eb re n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Izrael-Afrik\u00eb, duke hequr penges\u00ebn politike t\u00eb bllokimit t\u00eb politikave izraelite p\u00ebr shtrirje n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. S\u00eb dyti, r\u00ebnia e regjimit t\u00eb aparteidit n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut dhe ngritja n\u00eb pushtet e Nelson Mandel\u00ebs detyruan ambasadorin izraelit atje t\u00eb largohej nga vendi. E treta dhe e fundit, r\u00ebnia e BRSS (Bashkimit t\u00eb Republikave Socialiste Sovjetike) b\u00ebri q\u00eb SHBA-ja t\u00eb mbetet aktori i vet\u00ebm me ndikim n\u00eb kontinent p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb, duke i hapur rrug\u00ebn normalizimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me Izraelin n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn afrikane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vazhd\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre zhvillimeve pozitive dhe negative p\u00ebr Izraelin, vendosja e lidhjeve bilaterale drejt fundit t\u00eb viteve 1990 me Sierra Leonen, Gan\u00ebn, Eritrean, Nigerin\u00eb, Etiopin\u00eb, Republik\u00ebn Demokratike t\u00eb Kongos, Kenian, Kamerunin, Angol\u00ebn, Liberin\u00eb, Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut (n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e m\u00ebvonshme) dhe Sudanin e Jugut (pas shk\u00ebputjes nga Sudani) jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr pikat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme kthyese n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Izrael-Afrik\u00eb brenda sfer\u00ebs s\u00eb interesave politike, ekonomike dhe strategjike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vitet 2000 soll\u00ebn rritjen e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb n\u00eb Izrael, s\u00eb bashku me vendimet p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e vendbanimeve t\u00eb reja n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb, duke forcuar okupimin. Kjo p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte nj\u00eb penges\u00eb politike p\u00ebr Izraelin n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb politike t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme dhe afatgjate n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. K\u00ebto pengesa u shfaq\u00ebn n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e Izraelit n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn pasi Tel Avivi mbeti i kufizuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb vepruar n\u00eb rajon p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsve ose pal\u00ebve t\u00eb treta. Q\u00eb nga viti 1956, Izraeli kishte ushtruar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e tij me kontinentin p\u00ebrmes socialist\u00ebve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb britanik dhe t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb. Nuk ka dyshim se tani \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur te Egjipti, Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe (EBA) dhe Arabia Saudite si nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs n\u00eb kontekstin e strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb saj t\u00eb re t\u00eb negociatave n\u00eb rajon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe, krahu diplomatik i Izraelit n\u00eb rajon<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nd\u00ebr prioritetet e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb Izraelit, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb po aq t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme sa synimet e tij politike, ekonomike dhe ushtarake n\u00eb kontinent, \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosja ose rivendosja e lidhjeve me vendet me t\u00eb cilat marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet ishin pezulluar ose nuk ekzistonin fare. Nj\u00eb nga arsyet kryesore p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se vendet e vetme afrikane q\u00eb votuan n\u00eb favor t\u00eb Izraelit n\u00eb votimin e OKB-s\u00eb n\u00eb propozimin e SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr Kudsin t\u00eb vitit 2017 ishin Togo dhe Sudani i Jugut. Izraeli filloi t’i kushtoj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb strategjike vendeve afrikane shum\u00eb m\u00eb seriozisht pas k\u00ebsaj, pasi 54 nga 194 vendet e bot\u00ebs ndodhen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontinent dhe k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb bllok t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm votimi n\u00eb organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, rivendosja e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me vendet e Afrik\u00ebs s\u00eb Veriut me shumic\u00eb arabe dhe muslimane dhe vendet me shumic\u00eb muslimane Sahel, p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsve tani u b\u00eb nj\u00eb nga prioritetet e Izraelit. EBA \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur si krahu diplomatik i Izraelit n\u00eb rrjetin e tij t\u00eb paqart\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. Libia dhe Sudani jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr shembujt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb EBA-s\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur ndikimin e saj ekonomik si nj\u00eb ur\u00eb lidh\u00ebse midis vendeve afrikane dhe Izraelit. P\u00ebrpjekjet e Izraelit p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur ndikimin e tij n\u00eb Libi p\u00ebrmes mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb EBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr pu\u00e7istin Khalifa Haftar dhe faktin q\u00eb EBA \u00ebsht\u00eb prapa takimit Netanyahu-Burhan n\u00eb Uganda, si arsye ky\u00e7e p\u00ebr normalizimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me Sudanin, mund t\u00eb llogaritet n\u00eb shembuj konkret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E nes\u00ebrmja do t\u00eb mbahet n\u00eb mend p\u00ebr rolin dhe suksesin e EBA-s\u00eb duke vepruar si agjent p\u00ebr veprimet e dyshimta t\u00eb Izraelit n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, duke sh\u00ebrbyer si nj\u00eb ur\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjet politike, ekonomike dhe strategjike dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb politike p\u00ebr Tel Avivin, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar ose avancuar lidhjet me vendet e Afrik\u00ebs s\u00eb Veriut si Maroku, Tunizia, Libia, Algjeria, si dhe Sudani, \u00c7adi, Nigeri, Mali dhe Mauritania, pasi kjo e fundit nd\u00ebrpreu marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e saj me Izraelin n\u00eb vitin 2010. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, ndikimi i p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb lobimit t\u00eb Netanyahut n\u00eb SHBA n\u00eb favor t\u00eb Marokut n\u00eb njohjen e Saharas\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb situat\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osman Kagan Yucel\u00a0\u2013 Autori i shkrimit \u00ebsht\u00eb studiues n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn K\u00ebrkimore t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs (AFAM) dhe z\u00ebvend\u00ebs koordinator n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn e Koordinimit dhe Edukimit t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs (AKEM)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu Agency <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gjat\u00eb vizit\u00ebs s\u00eb tij n\u00eb Uganda m\u00eb 3 shkurt, Kryeministri izraelit, Benjamin Netanyahu, u takua me kreun e K\u00ebshillit Sovran Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. Ky zhvillim tregon shfaqjen e nj\u00eb qasje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15840,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31333"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31333"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31333\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31336,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31333\/revisions\/31336"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}