{"id":36330,"date":"2021-07-27T12:54:46","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T10:54:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shekulliagency.com\/?p=36330"},"modified":"2021-07-27T12:56:18","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T10:56:18","slug":"tregtia-transatlantike-e-sklleverve-trashegimia-e-lidhjes-midis-imperializmit-racizmit-dhe-skllavopronarise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/?p=36330","title":{"rendered":"Tregtia transatlantike e skllev\u00ebrve: Trash\u00ebgimia e lidhjes midis imperializmit, racizmit dhe skllavopronaris\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/thumbs_b_c_9f44ab78c68b87e1532b4fcadfdf01ab.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"486\" src=\"http:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/thumbs_b_c_9f44ab78c68b87e1532b4fcadfdf01ab.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"36331\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/thumbs_b_c_9f44ab78c68b87e1532b4fcadfdf01ab.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/?attachment_id=36331\" class=\"wp-image-36331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/thumbs_b_c_9f44ab78c68b87e1532b4fcadfdf01ab.jpg 800w, https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/thumbs_b_c_9f44ab78c68b87e1532b4fcadfdf01ab-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/thumbs_b_c_9f44ab78c68b87e1532b4fcadfdf01ab-768x467.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ahmet Gen\u00e7t\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kat\u00ebrmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vjet pas dyqindvjetorit t\u00eb shfuqizimit s\u00eb tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve n\u00eb Britani, trash\u00ebgimia e hidhur dhe kostoja e madhe e tregtis\u00eb transatlantike t\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve p\u00ebr miliona njer\u00ebz me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb skllav\u00ebruar dol\u00ebn n\u00eb drit\u00eb jav\u00ebn e kaluar kur Xhamajka njoftoi planin e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar d\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblime nga Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00eb them t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn, Britania nuk ishte as iniciatorja dhe as i vetmi vend evropian i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb tregtin\u00eb e skllev\u00ebrve, nj\u00eb nga krimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb histori q\u00eb ende ndjek si fantazm\u00eb bot\u00ebn moderne. Ajo u fillua nga Princi Henry Navigatori i Portugalis\u00eb (1394-1460) me ekspedita n\u00eb brigjet e Afrik\u00ebs per\u00ebndimore. Tregtia e skllev\u00ebrve dhe shfryt\u00ebzimi i burimeve natyrore t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs katapultuan Portugalin\u00eb nga nj\u00eb vend mjaft i par\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebndin jugper\u00ebndimor t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb e par\u00eb globale imperialiste. Duke p\u00ebrdorur Ishujt Kanarie si nj\u00eb baz\u00eb, tregtar\u00ebt portugez\u00eb bastis\u00ebn bregun per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb kapur skllev\u00ebrit me ngjyr\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb u shit\u00ebn n\u00eb portet mesdhetare. [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Portugalia, s\u00eb bashku me Spanj\u00ebn, ishte gjithashtu aktori kryesor n\u00eb tregtin\u00eb transatlantike t\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 16-t\u00eb, i njohur gjithashtu si sistemi i Par\u00eb Atlantik, duke transportuar afrikan\u00eb t\u00eb rob\u00ebruar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar n\u00eb miniera dhe bujq\u00ebsi n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Jugut. Puna e skllev\u00ebrve nga afrikan\u00ebt ishte aq thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr kolonit\u00eb amerikane t\u00eb Spanj\u00ebs sa q\u00eb mbreti spanjoll licencoi zyrtarisht tregtin\u00eb e skllev\u00ebrve dhe, nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb 16-t\u00eb, e b\u00ebri t\u00eb detyrueshme q\u00eb rreth 40.000 afrikan\u00eb t\u00eb dor\u00ebzoheshin \u00e7do vit n\u00eb kolonit\u00eb spanjolle n\u00eb kontinentin amerikan. [2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sistemi i Dyt\u00eb Atlantik i shekullit t\u00eb 18-t\u00eb kap\u00ebrceu at\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebparshmin p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket v\u00ebllimit t\u00eb afrikan\u00ebve t\u00eb skllav\u00ebruar, numrit t\u00eb aktor\u00ebve dhe shteteve evropiane t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira, dhe, si pasoj\u00eb, d\u00ebmit t\u00eb shkaktuar tek afrikan\u00ebt dhe n\u00eb kontinentin afrikan. Shkalla e fitimit q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej, s\u00eb bashku me k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr fuqi pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb shkaktuar nga Revolucioni Industrial i ri dhe natyra e eg\u00ebr e kapitalizmit, nxiti m\u00eb shum\u00eb vende evropiane, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Holand\u00ebn, Britanin\u00eb, Franc\u00ebn dhe Danimark\u00ebn, p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb tregtin\u00eb e eg\u00ebr transatlantike t\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sistemi i dyt\u00eb, i cili filloi t\u00eb dominohej nga Britania dhe ishte p\u00ebrqendruar kryesisht n\u00eb Karaibe, p\u00ebrfshinte jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb num\u00ebr tregtar\u00ebsh, por &#8220;qindra deputet\u00eb, persona t\u00eb shquar, n\u00ebpun\u00ebs civil\u00eb, biznesmen\u00eb, financier\u00eb, pronar\u00eb tokash, klerik\u00eb, intelektual\u00eb, gazetar\u00eb, botues, marinar\u00eb, ushtar\u00eb dhe gjykat\u00ebs, dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebta b\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje ekstreme p\u00ebr ta ruajtur dhe mbrojtur skllav\u00ebrin\u00eb koloniale&#8221;, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb autori Michael Taylor. [3] Nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb 18-t\u00eb, kryeministri britanik Willian Pitt njoftoi se 80 p\u00ebr qind e tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Britanike ishte e lidhur me tregtin\u00eb transatlantike t\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve. [4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn mbi 400-vje\u00e7are t\u00eb tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 15 milion\u00eb afrikan\u00eb u larguan nga vendlindjet e tyre dhe u transportuan p\u00ebrtej Atlantikut. Miliona u vran\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb; gjat\u00eb rr\u00ebmbimit, gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit disamujor ose n\u00eb plantacione p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve, kequshqyerjes dhe kushteve \u00e7njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, skllav\u00ebria ishte nj\u00eb institucion i bazuar n\u00eb mizori. Qeniet njer\u00ebzore u trajtuan si kafsh\u00eb &#8211; p\u00ebr t&#8217;u ankanduar, trajnuar dhe shfryt\u00ebzuar n\u00eb pun\u00eb deri n\u00eb vdekje. Familjet u shkat\u00ebrruan dhe n\u00eb skllev\u00ebrit femra iu n\u00ebnshtruan dhun\u00ebs seksuale dhe p\u00ebrdhunimit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skllav\u00ebria luajti nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb prosperitetin e vendeve evropiane t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb, si\u00e7 thuhet nga Karl Marx dhe Eric Williams. Kontribuoi n\u00eb zhvillimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb financave, detaris\u00eb dhe industrive t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb dhe financoi p\u00ebrparimin e saj teknologjik, si n\u00eb rastin e motorit me avull nga James Watt, i cili u financua nga pronar\u00ebt e plantacioneve t\u00eb sheqerit n\u00eb Karaibe. [5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Efektet n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb ishin krejt t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta. Kontinenti humbi miliona njer\u00ebz q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb faz\u00ebn m\u00eb produktive t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht nga brigjet per\u00ebndimore. I mbetur pa nj\u00eb fuqi pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb aft\u00eb, zhvillimi bujq\u00ebsor dhe industrial i Afrik\u00ebs u d\u00ebmtua shum\u00eb. Skllav\u00ebrimi i t\u00eb rinjve dhe t\u00eb rejave gjithashtu ndikoi n\u00eb demografin\u00eb e Afrik\u00ebs per\u00ebndimore. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, disa vende dhe fise afrikane, kryesisht p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitime financiare ose politike afatshkurtra, ishin gjithashtu t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb tregtin\u00eb e skllev\u00ebrve, nj\u00eb fakt q\u00eb prishi marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet brendaafrikane p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trash\u00ebgimia m\u00eb afatgjat\u00eb, imorale dhe \u00e7njer\u00ebzore e tregtis\u00eb transatlantike t\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve, megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb racizmi. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb legjitimonte skllav\u00ebrin\u00eb, imperializmi per\u00ebndimor paraqiti njer\u00ebzit me ngjyr\u00eb si &#8220;sub-njer\u00ebz&#8221;, t\u00eb paqytet\u00ebruar dhe inferior\u00eb. Kjo ndodhi shekuj para asaj q\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb nazist\u00ebt p\u00ebr ta justifikuar gjenocidin e tyre ndaj popullit hebre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eric Eustace Williams, politikani dhe historiani i shquar i Trinidadit dhe Tobagos dhe historian i skllav\u00ebris\u00eb, e p\u00ebrshkroi fenomenin me vend me k\u00ebto fjal\u00eb: &#8220;Nj\u00eb kthes\u00eb racore [iu dha] asaj q\u00eb n\u00eb thelb \u00ebsht\u00eb fenomen ekonomik. Skllav\u00ebria nuk lindi nga racizmi: p\u00ebrkundrazi, racizmi ishte pasoj\u00eb e skllav\u00ebris\u00eb&#8221;. [6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Autori \u00ebsht\u00eb korrespodent n\u00eb departamentin e Lajmeve n\u00eb Gjuh\u00ebn Angleze n\u00eb Anadolu Agency dhe hulumtues n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e historis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Tor Vergata n\u00eb Rom\u00eb. Interesimet e tij k\u00ebrkimore p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb studimet mbi nacionalizmin, historin\u00eb transnacionale, studimet mbi Amerik\u00ebn e Veriut, studimet moderne greke dhe studime turke-osmane dhe politik\u00ebn e jashtme turke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[1] John Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400\u20131800 (New York: CUP,1998), 29-31.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[2] G. Scelle, The Slave-Trade in the Spanish Colonies of America: The Assiento, The American Journal of International Law, No. 3 (July 1910), 612-661.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[3] Michael Taylor, The Interest: How the British Establishment Resisted the Abolition of Slavery, (Bodley Head: London, 2020).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[4] David Geggus, The British Government and the Saint Domingue Slave Revolt, 1791-1793, The English Historical Review 96, No. 379 (April 1981): 287.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[5] Dale Tomich, World Slavery and Caribbean Capitalism: The Cuban Sugar Industry, 1760-1868, Theory and Society 20, No. 3 (June 1991): 297-319.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[6] Eric Eustace Williams, Capitalism and Slavery, (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press,1994), 7.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ahmet Gen\u00e7t\u00fcrk Kat\u00ebrmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vjet pas dyqindvjetorit t\u00eb shfuqizimit s\u00eb tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve n\u00eb Britani, trash\u00ebgimia e hidhur dhe kostoja e madhe e tregtis\u00eb transatlantike t\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve p\u00ebr miliona njer\u00ebz me&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36331,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histori"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36330"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36330"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36332,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36330\/revisions\/36332"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/36331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}