{"id":6953,"date":"2016-01-28T12:32:44","date_gmt":"2016-01-28T11:32:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shekulliagency.com\/?p=6953"},"modified":"2016-01-28T15:34:57","modified_gmt":"2016-01-28T14:34:57","slug":"java-perkujtimore-e-perandorise-osmane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/?p=6953","title":{"rendered":"Java p\u00ebrkujtimore e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kjo perandori, e cila shtrihej n\u00eb tre kontinente, me shekuj t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb sundoi n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"stema-osmane\"<\/a>Kjo perandori, e cila shtrihej n\u00eb tre kontinente, me shekuj t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb sundoi n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Ishte shum\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar nj\u00eb perandori t\u00eb shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb territor t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, me shum\u00eb fe dhe kombe. Administrimi i k\u00ebsaj perandorie me mjete komunikimi dhe transporti t\u00eb asaj kohe dhe mbajtja e saj n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend, ishte nj\u00eb problem shum\u00eb i madh.<\/p>\n

Turqit e fisit Kayi t\u00eb Oguz-ve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin themeluesit e Shtetit Osman\u00eb, nga Azia Qendrore kaluan n\u00eb Anadoll si pasoj\u00eb e dyndjeve dhe ekspansionizmit t\u00eb mongol\u00ebve. Shteti i Selxhuk\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin duke administruar me Anadollin nga Konya dhe t\u00eb lodhur shum\u00eb nga dyndjet e mongol\u00ebve, ata i vendosi n\u00eb rrethin Sogut. Kayi-t t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u sistemuan n\u00eb Sogut dhe rrethin\u00ebn e tij, ishte nj\u00eb fis nomad q\u00eb kishte rreth 400 \u00e7adra. T\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb kufi me Perandorin\u00eb Bizantine, fisi Kayi filloi t\u00eb jetoj n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rajon n\u00ebn udh\u00ebheqjen e Ertugrul Gaziut. Nd\u00ebrkaq edhe konfliktet me principatat bizantine, t\u00eb cilat jetonin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rajon, ishin t\u00eb pashmangshme. Si rezultat i k\u00ebtyre luftimeve principatat bizantine, q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb dob\u00ebsuara nga konfliktet, filluan t\u00eb humbasin territoret e tyre, nd\u00ebrsa fisi Kayi zgjerohej \u00e7do her\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Ngadh\u00ebnjimi dhe popullimi me turq i territoreve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb Anadollit nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhej vet\u00ebm me ngadh\u00ebnjimet ushtarake. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e Hoxh\u00eb Ahmet Yesevi-ut nga Horasani, t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb Anadoll filluan ta p\u00ebrhapin shembujt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb filozofis\u00eb islame turke. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe Anadollin e ndri\u00e7uan udh\u00ebheqja shpirt\u00ebrore e Mevlanas, Junus Emres, Haxhi Bektashit, etj. Kontribut t\u00eb madh n\u00eb popullimin me turq dhe myslimanizimin e territoreve t\u00eb reja kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb dijetar\u00ebt nga Horasani dhe shoqata artizanale Ahi. Sheh Edebaliu, i cili merrte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb bisedat e Mevlanas dhe Haxhi Bektashit, q\u00eb ishte nga dijetar\u00ebt e Horasanit, ishte arkitekti ideor i Shtetit Osman. Gjat\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit n\u00eb teqen\u00eb e Sheh Edebaliut, Osman Beu e \u00ebnd\u00ebrron nj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr. Pasi q\u00eb Osman Beu i shpjegon \u00ebndrr\u00ebn Shehut, ai i thot\u00eb se Osman Gaziu do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet bej, do t\u00eb martohet me vajz\u00ebn e tij dhe nga fisi i tij do t\u00eb dalin shum\u00eb sulltan\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb sundojn\u00eb me male dhe lumenj t\u00eb shumt\u00eb. Ky shpjegim i \u00ebndrr\u00ebs realizohet, Osman Gaziu martohet me vajz\u00ebn e Sheh Edebaliut, Malhunen, nd\u00ebrsa principata e mbetur nga babai i tij, pavar\u00ebsohet dhe merr emrin e tij gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb principatave q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb territoret e Shtetit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb t\u00eb Selxhuk\u00ebve n\u00eb Anadoll.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Shteti Osman brenda nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00eb i zgjeroj me shpejt\u00ebsi territoret e tij. Sukseset ushtarake ndaj bizantin\u00ebve b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb territoret osmane t\u00eb vijn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb fise turke. Principata Osmane, e themeluar n\u00eb vitin 1299, fillimisht u zgjerua n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb Marmaras dhe Eskishehirit. Pas vdekjes s\u00eb Osman Beut, qyteti i Burs\u00ebs, i cili ishte qyteti m\u00eb i madh i asaj kohe n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e Marmaras\u00eb, u ngadh\u00ebnjye nga ana e t\u00eb birit t\u00eb tij, Orhan Beut. Babai i tij sipas testamentit u varros n\u00ebn kuben\u00eb e argjendt\u00eb n\u00eb qytetin e ri t\u00eb ngadh\u00ebnjyer t\u00eb Bursas. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ky qytet mori statusin e kryeqytetit principata forcoi edhe strukturimin shtet\u00ebror. N\u00eb qytet vazhduan pranin\u00eb e tyre edhe elementet jo-myslimane n\u00eb arkitektur\u00eb dhe arte t\u00eb bukura, tregti dhe n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme. Me kontributin e tyre u forcua edhe strukturimi shum\u00eb fetar dhe shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebsh. Njohja ligj\u00ebrisht e jo-mysliman\u00ebve, garantimi i pasuris\u00eb dhe jet\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre nga ana e shtetit leht\u00ebsoi shum\u00eb ngadh\u00ebnjimet. Zonat e reja t\u00eb ngadh\u00ebnjyera pranuan leht\u00ebsisht drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe rregullin Osman\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Muratit t\u00eb 1-r\u00eb, t\u00eb birit t\u00eb Orhan Beut, u formua edhe organizata e jeni\u00e7er\u00ebve, nd\u00ebrsa konvertimi i ushtar\u00ebve t\u00eb ardhur nga popullata jo-myslimane, b\u00ebri q\u00eb Shteti Osman\u00eb t\u00eb forcohet edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga aspekti ushtarak. Kap\u00ebrcimi brenda nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet ngushtic\u00ebs s\u00eb \u00c7anakalas\u00eb n\u00eb Traki dhe Evrop\u00eb, ngadh\u00ebnjimi i Edrenes\u00eb dhe shpallja e saj kryeqytet, ishin tregues se Osmanlinjt\u00eb do t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00ebn vazhdonin ngadh\u00ebnjimet n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr bizantin\u00ebt shtr\u00ebngoheshin n\u00eb Stamboll dhe rrethin e tij. Rrethimi i Stambollit, i cili brenda nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00eb u kthye n\u00eb shtet qytet, nga ana e Sulltan Yidirim Bayazitit, mbeti n\u00eb gjysm\u00eb me ardhjen e Timurit n\u00eb Anadoll me nj\u00eb ushtri t\u00eb madhe. Ushtria Osmane, e cila u p\u00ebrplas me ushtrin\u00eb e Timurit n\u00eb Ankara, p\u00ebsoi humbje, nd\u00ebrsa sulltani u kap rob. Me rimbledhjen e forcave nga ana e Sulltan Mehmet \u00c7elebiut mori fund edhe periudha e stagnimit. Sulltan Mehmeti i 2-t\u00eb, q\u00eb ishte nipi i \u00c7elebiut, n\u00eb vitin 1453 rrethoi Stambollin dhe arriti t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj pun\u00ebn e filluar nga ana e gjyshit t\u00eb tij. Pas ngadh\u00ebnjimit t\u00eb Stambollit nga ana e Sulltan Mehmetit, q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb njihet me nofk\u00ebn Ngadh\u00ebnjimtari, Shteti Osman\u00eb, u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Osmane. Sulltan\u00ebt Osman\u00eb, vet\u00ebn e tyre e shihnin si vazhdim i Rom\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrdornin edhe titullin e Cezarit. Kryeqyteti i transferua n\u00eb Stamboll prej ku perandoria u administrua deri n\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e saj n\u00eb vitin 1922. Me ngadh\u00ebnjimin e Yavuz Sulltan Selimit n\u00eb Egjipt, sulltan\u00ebt osman\u00eb filluan ta p\u00ebrdorin edhe titullin e halifes islame. Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb birit t\u00eb tij, Sulltan Sulejmanit t\u00eb Madh\u00ebrishmit, Perandoria Osmane arriti n\u00eb kulmin e saj. Me betej\u00ebn e Moha\u00e7it t\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb Hungari u forcua edhe sovraniteti turk n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe 150-vje\u00e7are pas k\u00ebsaj beteje, asnj\u00eb ushtri evropiane nuk pati guxim ta sfidoj\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb osmane. Perandoria, e cila shtrihej n\u00eb tre kontinente, ishte p\u00ebrpjekur q\u00eb territoret e saj ti administroj me drejt\u00ebsi. Sipas osmanlinjve, nj\u00eb vend mund t\u00eb ngadh\u00ebnjehet me arm\u00eb, por mund t\u00eb administrohet vet\u00ebm me drejt\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Perandoria Osmane, e cila zbatoi zhvillimet e reja teknologjike gjat\u00eb formimit dhe forcimit t\u00eb shtetit, nuk arriti t\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell n\u00eb hap zhvillimet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme si zbulimi i shtypshkronj\u00ebs dhe revolucionin industrial. Osmanlinjt\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt humb\u00ebn rastin e proceseve t\u00eb kthimit nga perandoria bujq\u00ebsore n\u00eb perandori industriale, filluan t\u00eb humbasin edhe territoret e tyre. Me p\u00ebrhapjen e ideve nacionaliste si rezultat i revolucionit francez\u00eb, filluan ndasit\u00eb tek perandorit\u00eb multi-etnike dhe multi-fetare. Kryengritja greke u pasua nga ana e luft\u00ebrat e gjat\u00eb t\u00eb pafundshme t\u00eb zhvilluara me Rusin\u00eb dhe Austrin\u00eb. Humbjet e p\u00ebsuara n\u00eb \u00e7do luft\u00eb dhe humbja e territoreve n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb b\u00ebri q\u00eb vendet evropiane Perandorin\u00eb Osmane ta quajn\u00eb \u201cNjeriu i S\u00ebmur\u00eb\u201d, nd\u00ebrsa nxori n\u00eb pah edhe iden\u00eb p\u00ebr ndarjen e territoreve t\u00eb saj. Me p\u00ebrkrahjen e Franc\u00ebs dhe Anglis\u00eb, Perandoria Osmane arriti q\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb ti b\u00ebj\u00eb ball\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, e cila d\u00ebshironte ti p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb n\u00ebn sovranitetin e saj komunitetet krishtere q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb Perandori. Mir\u00ebpo, radhitja pran\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb, e cila humbi luft\u00ebn gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, solli edhe fundin e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. Pushtimi i Stambollit i shtyu turqit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin nj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb re \u00e7lirimtare. Pas p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb shumta lindi edhe Republika e Turqis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sundimi i Perandoris\u00eb Osmane me t\u00eb mirat dhe k\u00ebqijat e saj vazhdoi p\u00ebr 622-vjet. Historit\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs, Kaukazit, Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme, Ballkanit, Afrik\u00ebs Veriore nuk mund t\u00eb kuptohen mir\u00eb pa i b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim historis\u00eb s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar ndonj\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptim i kolonizimit q\u00eb b\u00ebn eksploatimin e burimeve njer\u00ebzore. N\u00eb asnj\u00eb koh\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb presion mbi popullat\u00ebn jo-myslimane p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar fen\u00eb e tyre. Ne me respekt p\u00ebrkujtojm\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Osmane, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pandashme e historis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

\/TRT<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kjo perandori, e cila shtrihej n\u00eb tre kontinente, me shekuj t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb sundoi n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Kjo perandori, e cila shtrihej n\u00eb tre kontinente, me shekuj t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb sundoi n\u00eb bot\u00eb….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":911,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histori"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6953"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6953"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6956,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6953\/revisions\/6956"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alb.shekulliagency.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}